On December 3, 2025, the European Commission published its first set of technical FAQs on the EU Cyber Resilience Act (‘CRA’). The CRA is an EU-wide law which lays down cybersecurity requirements for ‘products with digital elements’ (‘PDEs’), including IoT devices, hardware components, and certain software. It becomes fully applicable on December 11, 2027, with […]
European Privacy & Cybersecurity
The EU Digital Omnibus: A European Data Law Shake-Up May Be Coming
On November 19, the European Commission (EC) released its EU Digital Omnibus proposal – a 153-page document accompanied by an explanatory memorandum and a Staff Working Document. This proposal introduces amendments, deletions, and replacements to several cornerstone EU digital laws, including: The GDPR. The Data Act. The AI Act. The ePrivacy Directive. Other instruments such […]
UK Cybersecurity Legislation Soon to be Introduced
The UK Government has introduced the Cyber Security and Resilience (Network and Information Systems) Bill (the “Bill”) to Parliament, marking the most significant update to the UK’s cyber legislation since 2018. You can access a copy of the Bill here. The Bill aims to strengthen national security and protect critical infrastructure networks in key sectors […]
UK’s National Cyber Security Centre Releases 2025 Annual Review
The United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has released its Annual Review for 2025. As in 2024, the report covers the UK’s cyber security position as well as the country’s readiness to deal with those threats. A copy of NCSC’s report is available here. The Annual Review states that “it is time to act”. […]
UK Data Protection Regulator Fines Capita ~$18.8 Million Following a Ransomware Attack
On October 15, 2025, the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) fined Capita plc and Capita Pension Solutions Limited (collectively “Capita”) £14 million (~$18.8 million) for failing to implement adequate security measures to protect the personal data of over ~6.6 million individuals following a ransomware attack by Black Basta. The ICO’s penalty notice is available here. […]