On December 3, 2025, the European Commission published its first set of technical FAQs on the EU Cyber Resilience Act (‘CRA’). The CRA is an EU-wide law which lays down cybersecurity requirements for ‘products with digital elements’ (‘PDEs’), including IoT devices, hardware components, and certain software. It becomes fully applicable on December 11, 2027, with […]
About Wim Nauwelaerts
Spanish DPA Highlights Privacy Risks in GenAI Content Creation
Earlier this month, the Spanish Data Protection Authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, or AEPD) issued new guidance on the privacy and data protection risks associated with uploading images or photos – whether directly or indirectly identifying individuals – into generative AI tools. The guidance is particularly focused on situations where those images are […]
How to Comply with the EU AI Act: Guidance from the Spanish AI Regulator
On December 10, the Spanish supervisory authority for the EU AI Act (Agencia Española de Supervisión de Inteligencia Artificial, or AESIA) published a set of 16 detailed guidelines and non-binding checklists (available online here in Spanish) designed to help companies navigate their obligations under the AI Act, which entered into force in August 2024. The […]
New EU Regulation Clarifies Cybersecurity Rules for IoT Devices and Other ‘Products with Digital Elements’
On November 28 2025, the European Commission adopted a regulation implementing the Cyber Resilience Act (‘CRA’) – an EU-wide law which lays down cybersecurity requirements for companies that design and sell ‘products with digital elements’. PDEs can take many forms including IoT devices, hardware components, and certain software. The CRA imposes cybersecurity obligations in connection […]
The EU Digital Omnibus: A European Data Law Shake-Up May Be Coming
On November 19, the European Commission (EC) released its EU Digital Omnibus proposal – a 153-page document accompanied by an explanatory memorandum and a Staff Working Document. This proposal introduces amendments, deletions, and replacements to several cornerstone EU digital laws, including: The GDPR. The Data Act. The AI Act. The ePrivacy Directive. Other instruments such […]